Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy FAQ—Understanding the Process, Benefits, and Considerations
The recent excitement around Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) is understandable, especially given the promising results in treating conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Many people are experiencing relief in ways they haven’t with traditional therapies, and it’s encouraging to see new options available in the mental health world.
At the same time, it's completely normal to feel apprehensive.
The idea of taking a drug, especially one known for its unique effects, can bring up valid questions and concerns.
For many, there may be a fear of losing control or experiencing side effects, and the word "psychedelic" can sometimes carry its own stigma.
But part of what makes KAP unique—and safe—is that it’s conducted in a controlled, therapeutic setting with trained professionals. This isn’t about taking a drug and being left on your own. It’s a guided experience, with a skilled therapist present to help you through any challenging moments and help you process insights that may arise!
So, we know you may have a lot of questions about KAP, which is why we’ve created this FAQ blog post! We’re diving into the most common questions to clarify how KAP works, who it may benefit, and what clients can expect from the process.
Let’s dive in!
1. What is Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy?
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy combines low-dose ketamine with guided psychotherapy sessions to enhance the healing experience. Ketamine itself is a dissociative anesthetic that, in lower doses, helps create an altered state of consciousness. This shift can allow individuals to access emotions and memories that may be challenging to explore in traditional talk therapy alone. KAP is overseen by licensed professionals who ensure safe dosage and support clients through each session.
2. How Does Ketamine Work in the Brain?
Ketamine primarily affects the brain’s NMDA receptors, which are involved in glutamate regulation, a key neurotransmitter associated with learning and memory. By modulating glutamate, ketamine can create new neural pathways and foster neuroplasticity, potentially helping individuals “rewire” negative thought patterns. This is particularly helpful in conditions where cognitive and emotional ruts can keep someone stuck in cycles of depression or trauma.
3. What Mental Health Conditions Does KAP Treat?
KAT has shown promise in treating various mental health conditions, including:
Depression and Treatment-Resistant Depression. Ketamine has been effective in treating depression, especially in individuals who haven’t responded to other treatments.
Anxiety. Some individuals with severe or treatment-resistant anxiety may benefit from the calming effects of ketamine.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). KAP can help those with PTSD process traumatic memories in a safe, controlled environment.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). By disrupting entrenched thought patterns, KAP may help individuals with OCD find relief.
Chronic Pain and Related Conditions. Due to ketamine’s ability to dampen pain perception and promote mental clarity, it’s also explored in chronic pain management.
4. What is a Typical KAP Session Like?
Each session can vary, but most follow this general structure:
Psychiatric Evaluation and Approval for KAP. A thorough psychiatric evaluation is essential to assess whether KAP is the most appropriate and beneficial intervention for you. This process is collaborative, allowing us to work with you to determine the optimal treatment arc, including the number and frequency of ketamine sessions, integration sessions, and any specific dosing recommendations tailored to your needs. During this intake, your provider will review your medical history, discuss medication history, evaluate previous treatment, gather social history and any substance use history and get a baseline of your vitals.
Preparation Session. The preparation session is a vital part of Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP), designed to lay a strong foundation for a meaningful and therapeutic experience. During this session, you’ll work closely with your therapist to establish a sense of safety, clarify goals, and prepare both mentally and physically for the unique aspects of a ketamine session.
Ketamine Session. Clients are given a low-dose ketamine, usually through an IV, nasal spray, or sublingual tablet, in a safe, comfortable setting. Guided by your therapist, this session combines the physiological effects of ketamine with a supportive therapeutic environment to facilitate emotional insight, trauma processing, or shifts in perspective. The session typically lasts 1-2 hours.
Integration Session. After the effects wear off, clients work with their therapist to reflect on the experience, process any emotions or insights, and integrate these learnings into their day-to-day lives. Integration is key to translating the experience into lasting change.
5. How Safe is Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy?
Ketamine is considered safe when administered in controlled, therapeutic settings under the care of licensed professionals. Side effects are typically mild and may include dizziness, nausea, or dissociation. These effects usually subside quickly once the ketamine wears off. However, it’s essential for clients to be screened for any conditions or medications that might interact negatively with ketamine.
6. Is Ketamine Addictive?
At therapeutic doses, ketamine is generally considered safe and non-addictive. However, recreational misuse of ketamine can lead to dependency. In KAP, the controlled and occasional use of ketamine, combined with therapy, is unlikely to result in addiction. Therapists and medical professionals closely monitor dosage and frequency, focusing on therapeutic outcomes and minimizing the risk of dependency.
7. How Many Sessions are Usually Needed?
The number of sessions varies depending on the individual and the condition being treated. Some clients may find relief after only a few sessions, while others may need a more extended course of treatment. Generally, KAP involves an initial series of 4-6 sessions, with follow-ups as needed. Integration sessions without ketamine are often recommended as part of ongoing therapy to maintain and build upon gains made during ketamine sessions.
8. How Does KAP Compare to Traditional Therapy?
Traditional therapy can be highly effective for many people, but for those whose symptoms persist, KAP offers an alternative pathway to healing. By enabling access to deeper emotions and memories, ketamine can help individuals unlock breakthroughs that may be harder to achieve in standard therapy. It’s not a replacement for traditional therapy but rather a complement to it, especially beneficial for those facing treatment-resistant conditions.
9. Who is an Ideal Candidate for Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy?
KAP can be a transformative option for those who have not found relief through traditional therapies. Ideal candidates include individuals who:
Have tried multiple treatment methods (such as medication and talk therapy) without sufficient relief.
Are open to experiencing altered states of consciousness.
Do not have a history of psychosis or certain medical conditions that could interact poorly with ketamine.
Are seeking to address issues like depression, PTSD, anxiety, or chronic pain with a structured, therapy-supported approach. All candidates undergo a thorough screening process to ensure that KAP is a safe and suitable option for them.
10. What Should I Expect to Feel During a KAP Session?
During a KAP session, individuals often experience a range of physical, emotional, and perceptual effects. Knowing what to expect can help you feel more prepared and comfortable. Here are some common sensations and experiences you might encounter:
Physical Sensations. Many people feel a sense of lightness or "floating" during ketamine sessions, while others may experience tingling, heaviness, or a slight disconnection from their body. These sensations are typical and generally subside as the effects of ketamine wear off.
Altered Perceptions. Ketamine often produces changes in sensory perception, which may include intensified colors, sounds, or visual patterns. Some people describe feeling as though they’re in a dream-like state or having a “zoomed-out” perspective, which can allow for new insights and perspectives on their thoughts and emotions.
Emotional Release. KAP can sometimes bring unresolved emotions or memories to the surface. You may experience feelings such as sadness, joy, or even a sense of release as you work through these emotions. Your therapist is there to support you in processing whatever arises.
Ego Dissolution. At higher doses, ketamine can lead to a phenomenon known as "ego dissolution" or "ego death," where individuals may feel a temporary loss of their usual sense of self. This experience can be powerful and transformative, allowing individuals to view themselves and their challenges from a new, detached perspective.
Deep Relaxation or Euphoria. Many people experience a state of calm, deep relaxation, or even mild euphoria during the session. This sense of well-being can help create a safe space for exploring emotions and working through difficult experiences.
Time Distortion. Ketamine can alter your perception of time, making minutes feel longer or shorter than they actually are. This distortion is normal and typically fades as the effects wear off.
Guided Processing with Your Therapist. Throughout the session, your therapist may gently guide you, helping you process any thoughts, sensations, or insights that arise. This support can help you make sense of your experience and integrate it into your overall therapy goals.
After the Session. As the ketamine wears off, you’ll gradually return to your usual state of mind. You may feel drowsy or reflective afterward, and many people find it helpful to spend time journaling or discussing the experience with their therapist.
11. Are There Risks or Side Effects Associated with KAP?
Ketamine is generally safe under professional guidance, but some side effects may occur. These can include:
Nausea. Common but usually mild; often managed with anti-nausea medication.
Dizziness or Lightheadedness. Ketamine can make individuals feel unsteady, though these effects pass quickly.
Hallucinations or Dissociation. While often mild, dissociation is an intended effect that can feel unsettling if unexpected.
Mood Changes. Some clients may feel emotional or introspective following a session. It’s helpful to have a trusted support person nearby or arrange post-session integration.
12. How Should I Prepare for My First KAP Session?
Preparing for your first Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) session can enhance your experience and ensure you get the most out of the treatment. Here are some tips to help you prepare:
Set Intentions. Reflect on why you’re seeking KAP and set clear goals or questions to explore during the session.
Clear Your Schedule. Plan your session for a time when you can relax afterward. Allow several hours of downtime post-treatment to process your experience without feeling rushed.
Arrange Transportation. Depending on the method of administration and your individual response, you may feel drowsy or disoriented after the session. Arrange for transportation to and from the appointment to ensure your safety.
Dress Comfortably. Wear clothing that allows you to relax fully.
Avoid Alcohol and Substances. Refrain from consuming alcohol or recreational drugs at least 24 hours before your session. These substances can interfere with the effects of ketamine and may affect your overall experience.
Bring a Journal. Some clients find it helpful to record their thoughts or reflections after a session for later discussion in therapy.
Consider a Support Person. If possible, bring a trusted friend or family member to provide support before and after your session. Their presence can help ease any anxiety you may have and offer comfort afterward.
Post-Session Self-Care. Plan some gentle self-care activities for after your session, such as journaling, meditating, or going for a walk. This can help you process the experience and integrate any insights gained during the therapy.
13. How is Ketamine Administered and at What Dose?
Ketamine is administered in a controlled clinical setting to ensure safety, efficacy, and therapeutic benefit. There are several methods for administering ketamine, each with unique effects and purposes, and dosing is carefully personalized based on factors such as therapeutic goals, medical history, and individual response.
The methods of ketamine administration include:
Oral (lozenge or tablet). Commonly used dosages for oral administration range from 100 to 300 mg. This form is typically used for low to moderate-intensity sessions, as oral ketamine has a more gradual onset and is less likely to produce strong dissociative effects.
Intramuscular injection (IM). Dosing for IM ketamine in Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) typically ranges from 0.5 mg/kg to 1.0 mg/kg of body weight, with some variation based on individual needs. This method allows for a more immersive experience, often producing dissociative effects at higher doses, which can facilitate deeper therapeutic exploration.
Intravenous infusion (IV). IV doses are often measured in a controlled, gradual way through titration, with a typical dose ranging from 0.5 mg/kg to 0.75 mg/kg. IV ketamine is more frequently used in medical treatments but can also be incorporated into KAP when there’s a clinical reason.
14. When Will I See the Benefits of Ketamine and How Long Will They Last?
The timeline for experiencing the benefits of ketamine can vary from person to person. Some individuals may notice improvements in their symptoms within hours of their first treatment, while others might require several sessions to begin feeling significant changes.
Typically, the effects of ketamine can be felt shortly after administration, often within 30 minutes to an hour. Many people report feelings of relief from depression, anxiety, or pain after just one session. However, the full therapeutic benefits may accumulate over the course of multiple treatments.
In terms of duration, the effects of ketamine can last from several days to weeks, depending on individual factors such as metabolism, treatment frequency, and overall mental health. Some patients may benefit from ongoing maintenance sessions to sustain the effects, while others may experience longer-lasting relief after an initial series of treatments.
15. Is Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy Right for Me?
Choosing KAP is a personal decision that requires careful consideration. For individuals facing long-term, treatment-resistant conditions, KAP offers a unique pathway for healing that may complement or accelerate the progress of traditional therapy. If you’re curious, consulting with a therapist experienced in KAP can provide more insight into whether it’s the right fit.
At its core, KAP is about opening doors to parts of the mind that may have been hard to reach before. It can be a deeply healing experience, providing new perspectives and facilitating emotional breakthroughs in a way that other therapies sometimes can’t. If you’re curious but uncertain, it might help to start by scheduling a free consultation with us to discuss the process in-depth, hear about other people’s experiences, and see if KAP feels right for you.
Ready To Start Your Healing Journey?
Thinking about Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) but still have questions? It’s completely normal to feel curious or even cautious! This FAQ guide dives into the details to help you understand what to expect, how it works, and whether KAP might be a good fit for you.
Ready to take the next step or want to learn more? Connect with Spilove Psychotherapy to discuss how KAP could be tailored to your needs, or schedule a consultation today.
Learn more about ketamine-assisted psychotherapy by exploring our blogs.
Discover how KAP in Pennsylvania can enhance your healing journey.
About the Author
Julia Salerno, M.S., LPC is licensed in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. She has a MS in Counseling from Villanova University. Her specialty is providing trauma therapy. This includes support for generational trauma healing. She does this through EMDR, IFS, DBT, mindfulness, and more! Julia fosters resilience, identifies triggers, and builds coping strategies tailored to those struggling with trauma
Besides working with clients as a trauma therapist she is also the Assistant Clinical Director at Spilove Psychotherapy. Ready to reclaim joy and fulfillment? Connect with Julia for virtual sessions in Pennsylvania.
Other Therapy Services at Spilove Psychotherapy in PA
In addition to our focus on trauma intensives, our skilled therapists offer a variety of other mental health services. These include couples therapy, LGBTQIA+ counseling, and eating disorder therapy. We also provide specialized play therapy for kids.
Our caring therapists conduct group therapy sessions as well. These sessions cover LGBTQIA+ support, infertility support, and more!